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Sikhism: History, Beliefs, Practices, and Its Role in the Modern World

PPR

Sikhism Explained: Beliefs, History, and Sikh Identity

Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that began more than five centuries ago in the Punjab region of South Asia. Today, it is followed by over 25 million people worldwide, making it one of the world’s major religions. Sikhism is known for its strong message of equality, social justice, service to humanity, and devotion to one God.

Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469–1539). Born in Punjab, Guru Nanak lived during a time of deep social divisions based on caste, religion, and gender. He rejected these divisions and taught that God is one, and all human beings are equal.

Guru Nanak travelled widely across South Asia and the Middle East, spreading a message of peace, unity, and truthful living. His teachings emphasized that spiritual life should be lived within society, not by withdrawing from it.

The Ten Sikh Gurus

After Guru Nanak, Sikhism was guided by nine successive Gurus, each contributing to the growth and strength of the Sikh community.The Gurus developed Sikh institutions and community life.They defended religious freedom and human rights.They promoted education, discipline, and moral courage.The tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, ended the line of human Gurus in 1708 and declared the Sikh scripture as the eternal Guru.

The Guru Granth Sahib: The Eternal Guru

The holy scripture of Sikhism is the Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhs do not worship idols or human figures. Instead, they regard the Guru Granth Sahib as their living spiritual guide.

The scripture contains hymns written not only by Sikh Gurus but also by saints from different religions and social backgrounds. This reflects Sikhism’s belief in universal truth and spiritual equality.

In Gurdwaras, the Guru Granth Sahib is placed with great respect, symbolizing its central role in Sikh life.

Core Beliefs of Sikhism

Sikhism is based on clear and practical principles:

These values guide Sikhs in their daily lives and community responsibilities.

The Five Ks: Sikh Identity

Many Sikhs who have taken initiation follow the Five Ks, which represent discipline, faith, and commitment:

  1. Kesh – Uncut hair, symbol of respect for God’s creation
  2. Kangha – Wooden comb, symbol of cleanliness
  3. Kara – Steel bracelet, symbol of unity and moral restraint
  4. Kirpan – Ceremonial sword, symbol of justice and protection of the weak
  5. Kachera – Special shorts, symbol of self-control

These articles of faith are reminders of Sikh values, not signs of aggression.

The Sikh Turban (Dastar): Meaning and Importance

The turban, called Dastar, is one of the most visible symbols of Sikh identity. It is worn by many Sikh men and women around the world.

The turban is not just clothing. It represents:Respect and dignity,Spiritual discipline,Equality and Responsibility to stand for justice.Sikhs keep their hair uncut (Kesh) as a sign of respect for God’s creation. The turban is worn to protect and cover this uncut hair in a clean and respectful way.Historically, turbans were worn by kings and leaders. Sikh Gurus encouraged ordinary people to wear turbans to show that every human being is equal and honorable, not only rulers or elites.

Today, the turban continues to have deep meaning:It shows a Sikh’s commitment to faith.It represents courage and moral responsibility.It reminds Sikhs to help others and stand against injustice.Both men and women may wear the turban.

Singh and Kaur: Sikh Names Explained

 Sikhs use the names Singh and Kaur as part of their identity.Singh means “lion” . Kaur means “princess”

These names were introduced to remove caste and family divisions.

Traditionally:Sikh men use the name Singh (example: Harpreet Singh) Sikh women use the name Kaur (example: Jaspreet Kaur) By using these names, Sikhs identify themselves as equal members of the community, not by caste or social status.

Gurudwara and Worship

Sikhs worship in a Gurudwara, which means “the doorway to the Guru.” Anyone can enter a Gurdwara, regardless of religion or background.The most famous Gurudwara is the Golden Temple, also known as Harmandir Sahib. It stands as a symbol of openness, peace, and spiritual equality, with entrances on all sides.

There are 4 Gurdwaras in Portugal.

Langar: Free Food for Humanity

One of the most powerful practices in Sikhism is Langar, the free community kitchen. Every Gurdwara serves free meals to all visitors.Food is prepared and served by volunteers.Everyone sits together on the floor, showing equality.Langar runs daily, supported by donations.Langar has become a global symbol of selfless service and is often extended during natural disasters and humanitarian crises.

Sikhism and Social Justice

Sikhism strongly encourages standing against injustice and oppression. Sikh history includes many examples of sacrifice to protect religious freedom not only for Sikhs, but for all communities.This commitment to justice is reflected in Sikh participation in Humanitarian aid,Disaster relief and Community service.

Sikhs Around the World

Large Sikh communities live in India, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Europe, and Australia. In many countries, Sikhs are well known for their work in healthcare, transport, business, and public service. During emergencies, Sikh volunteers are often among the first to provide food, shelter, and medical help, regardless of religion or nationality.According to the latest available data, there are estimated to be around 35,000 Sikhs living in Portugal

In a world facing inequality, conflict, and division, Sikhism offers a practical message:Live honestly,Respect all people and Help others without expecting reward.These values make Sikhism highly relevant in modern society.

Sikhism continues to inspire millions through its clear teachings and commitment to humanity. Its message remains as important today as it was over 500 years ago.

By PPR | Religion & Culture

Published: [27-12-2025]
Last Updated: [27-12-2025]

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